HTTPS: Difference between revisions
→{{header|Lasso}}: Lasso example of HTTPS include with certificate checking |
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})('https://sourceforge.net',function(xhr){console.log(xhr.response)}) |
})('https://sourceforge.net',function(xhr){console.log(xhr.response)}) |
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</lang> |
</lang> |
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=={{header|Lasso}}== |
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<lang Lasso>local(x = curl('https://sourceforge.net')) |
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local(y = #x->result) |
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#y->asString</lang> |
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If a site with an invalid SSL Cert is encountered the curl type throws the following error: |
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{{out}} |
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<pre>FAILURE: 60 Peer certificate cannot be authenticated with given CA certificates</pre> |
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=={{header|LSL}}== |
=={{header|LSL}}== |
Revision as of 12:41, 2 November 2013
You are encouraged to solve this task according to the task description, using any language you may know.
Print an HTTPS URL's content to the console. Checking the host certificate for validity is recommended. The client should not authenticate itself to the server — the webpage https://sourceforge.net/ supports that access policy — as that is the subject of other tasks.
Readers may wish to contrast with the HTTP Request task, and also the task on HTTPS request with authentication.
Ada
Exactly the same as the HTTP task, assuming you compiled AWS with openssl support. <lang ada> with AWS.Client; with AWS.Response; with Ada.Text_IO; use Ada.Text_IO; procedure GetHttps is begin
Put_Line (AWS.Response.Message_Body (AWS.Client.Get ( URL => "https://sourceforge.net/")));
end GetHttps; </lang>
AutoHotkey
<lang AutoHotkey> URL := "https://sourceforge.net/" WININET_Init() msgbox % html := UrlGetContents(URL) WININET_UnInit() return
- include urlgetcontents.ahk
- include wininet.ahk
</lang>
Batch File
<lang batch>
- Must have curl.exe
curl.exe -k -s -L https://sourceforge.net/ </lang>
C
<lang c>
- include <stdio.h>
- include <stdlib.h>
- include <curl/curl.h>
int main(void) {
CURL *curl; char buffer[CURL_ERROR_SIZE];
if ((curl = curl_easy_init()) != NULL) { curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_URL, "https://sourceforge.net/"); curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION, 1); curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_ERRORBUFFER, buffer); if (curl_easy_perform(curl) != CURLE_OK) { fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", buffer); return EXIT_FAILURE; } curl_easy_cleanup(curl); } return EXIT_SUCCESS;
} </lang>
C#
<lang csharp> using System; using System.Net;
class Program {
static void Main(string[] args) { var client = new WebClient(); var data = client.DownloadString("https://www.google.com");
Console.WriteLine(data); }
} </lang>
Clojure
Using the duck-streams as a convenient wrapper for Java's networking classes, grabbing the contents of an HTTPS URL is as easy as:
<lang clojure> (use '[clojure.contrib.duck-streams :only (slurp*)]) (print (slurp* "https://sourceforge.net")) </lang>
The usual Java mechanisms can be used to manage acceptance of SSL certificates if required.
<lang clojure> (print (slurp "https://sourceforge.net")) </lang>
Common Lisp
First grabbing the entire body as a string, and then by pulling from a stream. This is the same code as in HTTP Request; drakma:http-request
supports SSL.
<lang lisp> (defun wget-drakma-string (url &optional (out *standard-output*))
"Grab the body as a string, and write it to out." (write-string (drakma:http-request url) out))
(defun wget-drakma-stream (url &optional (out *standard-output*))
"Grab the body as a stream, and write it to out." (loop with body = (drakma:http-request url :want-stream t) for line = (read-line body nil nil) while line do (write-line line) finally (close body)))
- Use
(wget-drakma-stream "https://sourceforge.net") </lang>
Delphi
<lang Delphi> program ShowHTTPS;
{$APPTYPE CONSOLE}
uses IdHttp, IdSSLOpenSSL;
var
s: string; lHTTP: TIdHTTP; lIOHandler: TIdSSLIOHandlerSocketOpenSSL;
begin
lHTTP := TIdHTTP.Create(nil); lIOHandler := TIdSSLIOHandlerSocketOpenSSL.Create(nil); try lHTTP.IOHandler := lIOHandler; lHTTP.HandleRedirects := True; s := lHTTP.Get('https://sourceforge.net/'); Writeln(s); finally lHTTP.Free; lIOHandler.Free; end;
end. </lang>
Erlang
Synchronous
<lang erlang> -module(main). -export([main/1]).
main([Url|[]]) ->
inets:start(), ssl:start(), case http:request(get, {URL, []}, [{ssl,[{verify,0}]}], []) of {ok, {_V, _H, Body}} -> io:fwrite("~p~n",[Body]); {error, Res} -> io:fwrite("~p~n", [Res]) end.
</lang>
Asynchronous
<lang erlang> -module(main). -export([main/1]).
main([Url|[]]) ->
inets:start(), ssl:start(), http:request(get, {Url, [] }, [{ssl,[{verify,0}]}], [{sync, false}]), receive {http, {_ReqId, Res}} -> io:fwrite("~p~n",[Res]); _Any -> io:fwrite("Error: ~p~n",[_Any]) after 10000 -> io:fwrite("Timed out.~n",[]) end.
</lang>
Using it <lang erlang> |escript ./req.erl https://sourceforge.net/ </lang>
F#
The underlying .NET classes handle secure web connections the same way they manage insecure connections. <lang fsharp>
- light
let wget (url : string) =
let c = new System.Net.WebClient() c.DownloadString(url)
</lang>
Go
<lang go> package main
import (
"io" "log" "net/http" "os"
)
func main() {
r, err := http.Get("https://sourceforge.net/") if err != nil { log.Fatalln(err) } io.Copy(os.Stdout, r.Body)
} </lang>
Groovy
<lang groovy> new URL("https://sourceforge.net").eachLine { println it } </lang>
Haskell
This is just the example from Network.HTTP.Conduit, with the http URL replaced with an https one, since http-conduit natively supports https without needing any additional work.
<lang haskell>#!/usr/bin/runhaskell
import Network.HTTP.Conduit import qualified Data.ByteString.Lazy as L import Network (withSocketsDo)
main = withSocketsDo
$ simpleHttp "https://sourceforge.net/" >>= L.putStr</lang>
Ioke
<lang ioke> connection = URL new("https://sourceforge.net") openConnection scanner = Scanner new(connection getInputStream)
while(scanner hasNext,
scanner next println
) </lang>
J
Using gethttp from Web Scraping
<lang j>
#page=: gethttp'https://sourceforge.net'
0
#page=: '--no-check-certificate' gethttp'https://sourceforge.net'
900 </lang>
(We can not load the example page using https unless we disable certificate checking. The numbers are the number of characters retrieved.)
Java
Additional certificate information is available through the javax.net.ssl.HttpsURLConnection interface. <lang Java> URL url = new URL("https://sourceforge.net"); HttpsURLConnection connection = (HttpsURLConnection) url.openConnection(); Scanner scanner = new Scanner(connection.getInputStream());
while (scanner.hasNext()) {
System.out.println(scanner.next());
} </lang>
JavaScript
<lang JavaScript> (function(url,callback){//on some browsers you can check certificate information. xhr=new XMLHttpRequest(); xhr.open('GET',url,true); xhr.onreadystatechange=function(){if(xhr.readyState==xhr.DONE){callback(xhr)}}; xhr.send(); })('https://sourceforge.net',function(xhr){console.log(xhr.response)}) </lang>
Lasso
<lang Lasso>local(x = curl('https://sourceforge.net')) local(y = #x->result)
- y->asString</lang>
If a site with an invalid SSL Cert is encountered the curl type throws the following error:
- Output:
FAILURE: 60 Peer certificate cannot be authenticated with given CA certificates
LSL
Virtually identical to the HTTP Task.
To test it yourself; rez a box on the ground, and add the following as a New Script. <lang LSL>string sURL = "https://SourceForge.Net/"; key kHttpRequestId; default { state_entry() { kHttpRequestId = llHTTPRequest(sURL, [], ""); } http_response(key kRequestId, integer iStatus, list lMetaData, string sBody) { if(kRequestId==kHttpRequestId) { llOwnerSay("Status="+(string)iStatus); integer x = 0; for(x=0 ; x<llGetListLength(lMetaData) ; x++) { llOwnerSay("llList2String(lMetaData, "+(string)x+")="+llList2String(lMetaData, x)); } list lBody = llParseString2List(sBody, ["\n"], []); for(x=0 ; x<llGetListLength(lBody) ; x++) { llOwnerSay("llList2String(lBody, "+(string)x+")="+llList2String(lBody, x)); } } } }</lang> Output:
Status=200 llList2String(lMetaData, 0)=0 llList2String(lMetaData, 1)=2048 llList2String(lBody, 0)=<!doctype html> llList2String(lBody, 1)=<!-- Server: sfs-consume-7 --> llList2String(lBody, 2)=<!--[if lt IE 7 ]> <html lang="en" class="no-js ie6" > <![endif]--> llList2String(lBody, 3)=<!--[if IE 7 ]> <html lang="en" class="no-js ie7" > <![endif]--> llList2String(lBody, 4)=<!--[if IE 8 ]> <html lang="en" class="no-js ie8" > <![endif]--> llList2String(lBody, 5)=<!--[if IE 9 ]> <html lang="en" class="no-js ie9" > <![endif]--> llList2String(lBody, 6)=<!--[if (gt IE 9)|!(IE)]>--> <html lang="en" class="no-js"> <!--<![endif]--> llList2String(lBody, 7)= <head> llList2String(lBody, 8)= <meta charset="utf-8"> llList2String(lBody, 9)= llList2String(lBody, 10)= <meta id="webtracker" name="webtracker" content='{"event_id": "ea71f064-ca28-11e1-98cc-0019b9f0e8fc"}'> llList2String(lBody, 11)= <meta name="description" content="Free, secure and fast downloads from the largest Open Source applications and software directory - SourceForge.net"> llList2String(lBody, 12)= <meta name="keywords" content="Open Source, Open Source Software, Development, Community, Source Code, Secure, Downloads, Free Software"> llList2String(lBody, 13)=<meta name="msvalidate.01" content="0279349BB9CF7ACA882F86F29C50D3EA" /> llList2String(lBody, 14)= <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> llList2String(lBody, 15)= <title>SourceForge - Download, Develop and Publish Free Open Source Software</title> llList2String(lBody, 16)= <link rel="shortcut icon" href="http://a.fsdn.com/con/img/sftheme/favicon.ico"> ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Mathematica
Straight forward "Import" task. More complicated secure web access can bee done using J/Link; essentially a link to Java API. <lang Mathematica> content=Import["https://sourceforge.net", "HTML"] </lang>
MATLAB / Octave
<lang MATLAB>s=urlread('https://sourceforge.net/')</lang>
Nemerle
This example is essentially identical to the HTTP task because the WebClient object can be used with http:, https:, ftp: and file: uri's. <lang Nemerle>using System; using System.Console; using System.Net; using System.IO;
module HTTP {
Main() : void { def wc = WebClient(); def myStream = wc.OpenRead(https://sourceforge.com); def sr = StreamReader(myStream); WriteLine(sr.ReadToEnd()); myStream.Close() }
}</lang>
Objeck
<lang objeck> use HTTP;
class HttpsTest {
function : Main(args : String[]) ~ Nil { client := HttpsClient->New(); lines := client->Get("https://sourceforge.net"); each(i : lines) { lines->Get(i)->As(String)->PrintLine(); }; }
} </lang>
Perl
<lang perl> use strict; use LWP::UserAgent;
my $url = 'https://www.rosettacode.org'; my $response = LWP::UserAgent->new->get( $url );
$response->is_success or die "Failed to GET '$url': ", $response->status_line;
print $response->as_string; </lang>
PHP
<lang php> echo file_get_contents('https://sourceforge.net'); </lang>
PicoLisp
PicoLisp has no functionality for communicating with a HTTPS server (only for the other direction), but it is easy to use an external tool <lang PicoLisp> (in '(curl "https://sourceforge.net") # Open a pipe to 'curl'
(out NIL (echo)) ) # Echo to standard output
</lang>
Pike
<lang pike> int main() {
write("%s\n", Protocols.HTTP.get_url_data("https://sourceforge.net"));
} </lang>
PowerShell
<lang powershell> $wc = New-Object Net.WebClient $wc.DownloadString('https://sourceforge.net') </lang>
If the certificate could not be validated (untrusted, self-signed, expired), then an Exception is thrown with the message “The underlying connection was closed: Could not establish trust relationship for the SSL/TLS secure channel.” so certificate validation is done automatically by the method.
Python
Python's urllib.request library, (urllib2 in Python2.x) has support for SSL if the interpreter's underlying httplib libraries were compiled with SSL support. By default this will be the enabled for default Python installations on most platforms.
Python 3.x: <lang Python> from urllib.request import urlopen print(urlopen('https://sourceforge.net/').read()) </lang>
(Python 2.x) <lang Python> from urllib2 import urlopen print urlopen('https://sourceforge.net/').read() </lang>
R
The basic idea is to use getURL (as with HTTP_Request), but with some extra parameters. <lang R>library(RCurl) webpage <- getURL("https://sourceforge.net/", .opts=list(followlocation=TRUE, ssl.verifyhost=FALSE, ssl.verifypeer=FALSE))</lang> In this case, the webpage output contains unprocessed characters, e.g. \" instead of " and \\ instead of \, so we need to process the markup.
<lang R> wp <- readLines(tc <- textConnection(webpage)) close(tc) </lang>
Finally, we parse the HTML and find the interesting bit.
<lang R> pagetree <- htmlTreeParse(wp) pagetree$children$html </lang>
Racket
<lang Racket>
- lang racket
(require net/url) (copy-port (get-pure-port (string->url "https://www.google.com")
#:redirections 100) (current-output-port))
</lang>
REALbasic
REALBasic provides an HTTPSecureSocket class for handling HTTPS connections. The 'Get' method of the HTTPSecureSocket is overloaded and can download data to a file or return data as a string, in both cases an optional timeout argument can be passed.
<lang REALbasic>
Dim sock As New HTTPSecureSocket Print(sock.Get("https://sourceforge.net", 10)) //set the timeout period to 10 seconds.
</lang>
RLaB
See HTTP#RLaB
Ruby
This solution doesn't use the open-uri
convenience package that the HTTP Request#Ruby solution uses: the Net::HTTP
object must be told to use SSL before the session is started.
<lang ruby> require 'net/https' require 'uri' require 'pp'
uri = URI.parse('https://sourceforge.net') http = Net::HTTP.new(uri.host,uri.port) http.use_ssl = true http.verify_mode = OpenSSL::SSL::VERIFY_NONE
http.start do
content = http.get("/") p [content.code, content.message] pp content.to_hash puts content.body
end </lang>
outputs
["302", "Found"] {"location"=>["http://sourceforge.net/"], "content-type"=>["text/html; charset=UTF-8"], "connection"=>["close"], "server"=>["nginx/0.7.60"], "date"=>["Sun, 30 Aug 2009 20:20:07 GMT"], "content-length"=>["229"], "set-cookie"=> ["sf.consume=89f65c6fadd222338b2f3de6f8e8a17b2c8f67c2gAJ9cQEoVQhfZXhwaXJlc3ECY2RhdGV0aW1lCmRhdGV0aW1lCnEDVQoH9gETAw4HAAAAhVJxBFUDX2lkcQVVIDEyOWI2MmVkOWMwMWYxYWZiYzE5Y2JhYzcwZDMxYTE4cQZVDl9hY2Nlc3NlZF90aW1lcQdHQdKmt73UN21VDl9jcmVhdGlvbl90aW1lcQhHQdKmt73UN2V1Lg==; expires=Tue, 19-Jan-2038 03:14:07 GMT; Path=/"]} <html> <head> <title>302 Found</title> </head> <body> <h1>302 Found</h1> The resource was found at <a href="http://sourceforge.net/">http://sourceforge.net/</a>; you should be redirected automatically. </body> </html>
Scala
<lang scala>import scala.io.Source
object HttpsTest extends App {
System.setProperty("http.agent", "*") Source.fromURL("https://sourceforge.net").getLines.foreach(println)
}</lang>
Tcl
Though Tcl's built-in http
package does not understand SSL, it does support the registration of external handlers to accommodate additional protocols. This allows the use of the Tls package to supply the missing functionality with only a single line to complete the registration.
<lang tcl> package require http package require tls
- Tell the http package what to do with “https:” URLs.
- First argument is the protocol name, second the default port, and
- third the connection builder command
http::register "https" 443 ::tls::socket
- Make a secure connection, which is almost identical to normal
- connections except for the different protocol in the URL.
set token [http::geturl "https://sourceforge.net/"]
- Now as for conventional use of the “http” package
puts [http::data $token] http::cleanup $token </lang>
TUSCRIPT
<lang tuscript> $$ MODE TUSCRIPT SET DATEN = REQUEST ("https://sourceforge.net")
- {daten}
</lang>
UNIX Shell
<lang bash> curl -k -s -L https://sourceforge.net/ </lang>
VBScript
Based on code at How to retrieve HTML web pages with VBScript via the Microsoft.XmlHttp object <lang vb> Option Explicit
Const sURL="https://sourceforge.net/"
Dim oHTTP Set oHTTP = CreateObject("Microsoft.XmlHTTP")
On Error Resume Next oHTTP.Open "GET", sURL, False oHTTP.Send "" If Err.Number = 0 Then
WScript.Echo oHTTP.responseText
Else
Wscript.Echo "error " & Err.Number & ": " & Err.Description
End If
Set oHTTP = Nothing </lang>
Visual Basic .NET
<lang vbnet> Imports System.Net
Dim client As WebClient = New WebClient() Dim content As String = client.DownloadString("https://sourceforge.net") Console.WriteLine(content) </lang>
- Programming Tasks
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- Ioke
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