Mind boggling card trick: Difference between revisions
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=={{header|Quackery}}==
<lang Quackery> [ stack ] is discards ( --> s )▼
▲ [ stack ] is discards ( --> s )
[ stack ] is red-card ( --> s )
[ stack ] is black-card ( --> s )
[ dup take rot join swap put ] is to-pile ( n s --> )
[ $ "" discards put
Line 1,598 ⟶ 1,595:
char R 26 of
char B 26 of join shuffle
26 times
[ behead tuck discards to-pile
behead rot char R =
Line 1,607 ⟶ 1,604:
[ emit sp ] cr
red-card take
black-card take
over size over size min random
say "Swapping " dup echo
say " cards." cr
dup dip [ split rot ] split
dip
0 swap witheach
[ char R =
0 rot witheach
[ char B =
say "The assertion is "
= iff [ say "true." ]
else [ say "false." ] cr cr ] is task ( --> )
|
Revision as of 02:58, 28 February 2022
You are encouraged to solve this task according to the task description, using any language you may know.
Matt Parker of the "Stand Up Maths channel" has a YouTube video of a card trick that creates a semblance of order from chaos.
The task is to simulate the trick in a way that mimics the steps shown in the video.
- 1. Cards.
- Create a common deck of cards of 52 cards (which are half red, half black).
- Give the pack a good shuffle.
- 2. Deal from the shuffled deck, you'll be creating three piles.
- Assemble the cards face down.
- Turn up the top card and hold it in your hand.
- if the card is black, then add the next card (unseen) to the "black" pile.
- If the card is red, then add the next card (unseen) to the "red" pile.
- Add the top card that you're holding to the discard pile. (You might optionally show these discarded cards to get an idea of the randomness).
- Turn up the top card and hold it in your hand.
- Repeat the above for the rest of the shuffled deck.
- 3. Choose a random number (call it X) that will be used to swap cards from the "red" and "black" piles.
- Randomly choose X cards from the "red" pile (unseen), let's call this the "red" bunch.
- Randomly choose X cards from the "black" pile (unseen), let's call this the "black" bunch.
- Put the "red" bunch into the "black" pile.
- Put the "black" bunch into the "red" pile.
- (The above two steps complete the swap of X cards of the "red" and "black" piles.
(Without knowing what those cards are --- they could be red or black, nobody knows).
- 4. Order from randomness?
- Verify (or not) the mathematician's assertion that:
The number of black cards in the "black" pile equals the number of red cards in the "red" pile.
(Optionally, run this simulation a number of times, gathering more evidence of the truthfulness of the assertion.)
Show output on this page.
11l
<lang 11l>//import random V n = 52 V Black = ‘Black’ V Red = ‘Red’ V blacks = [Black] * (n I/ 2) V reds = [Red] * (n I/ 2) V pack = blacks [+] reds random:shuffle(&pack)
[String] black_stack, red_stack, discard L !pack.empty
V top = pack.pop() I top == Black black_stack.append(pack.pop()) E red_stack.append(pack.pop()) discard.append(top)
print(‘(Discards: ’(discard.map(d -> d[0]).join(‘ ’))" )\n")
V max_swaps = min(black_stack.len, red_stack.len) V swap_count = random:(0 .. max_swaps) print(‘Swapping ’swap_count)
F random_partition(stack, count)
V stack_copy = copy(stack) random:shuffle(&stack_copy) R (stack_copy[count ..], stack_copy[0 .< count])
(black_stack, V black_swap) = random_partition(black_stack, swap_count) (red_stack, V red_swap) = random_partition(red_stack, swap_count)
black_stack [+]= red_swap red_stack [+]= black_swap
I black_stack.count(Black) == red_stack.count(Red)
print(‘Yeha! The mathematicians assertion is correct.’)
E
print(‘Whoops - The mathematicians (or my card manipulations) are flakey’)</lang>
- Output:
(Discards: B R B B R B R R R B R R R R B R B B R R B B R B B R ) Swapping 10 Yeha! The mathematicians assertion is correct.
AppleScript
<lang applescript>use AppleScript version "2.5" -- OS X 10.11 (El Capitan) or later use framework "Foundation" use framework "GameplayKit" -- For randomising functions.
on cardTrick()
(* Create a pack of "cards" and shuffle it. *) set suits to {"♥️", "♣️", "♦️", "♠️"} set cards to {"A", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6", "7", "8", "9", "10", "J", "Q", "K"} set deck to {} repeat with s from 1 to (count suits) set suit to item s of suits repeat with c from 1 to (count cards) set end of deck to item c of cards & suit end repeat end repeat set deck to (current application's class "GKRandomSource"'s new()'s arrayByShufflingObjectsInArray:(deck)) as list (* Perform the black pile/red pile/discard stuff. *) set {blackPile, redPile, discardPile} to {{}, {}, {}} repeat with c from 1 to (count deck) by 2 set topCard to item c of deck if (character -1 of topCard is in "♣️♠️") then set end of blackPile to item (c + 1) of deck else set end of redPile to item (c + 1) of deck end if set end of discardPile to topCard end repeat -- When equal numbers of two possibilities are randomly paired, the number of pairs whose members are -- both one of the possibilities is the same as the number whose members are both the other. The cards -- in the red and black piles have effectively been paired with cards of the eponymous colours, so -- the number of reds in the red pile is already the same as the number of blacks in the black. (* Take a random number of random cards from one pile and swap them with an equal number from the other, religiously following the "red bunch"/"black bunch" ritual instead of simply swapping pairs of cards. *) -- Where swapped cards are the same colour, this will make no difference at all. Where the colours -- are different, both piles will either gain or lose a card of their relevant colour, maintaining -- the defining balance either way. set {redBunch, blackBunch} to {{}, {}} set {redPileCount, blackPileCount} to {(count redPile), (count blackPile)} set maxX to blackPileCount if (redPileCount < maxX) then set maxX to redPileCount set X to (current application's class "GKRandomDistribution"'s distributionForDieWithSideCount:(maxX))'s nextInt() set RNG to current application's class "GKShuffledDistribution"'s distributionForDieWithSideCount:(redPileCount) repeat X times set r to RNG's nextInt() set end of redBunch to item r of redPile set item r of redPile to missing value end repeat set RNG to current application's class "GKShuffledDistribution"'s distributionForDieWithSideCount:(blackPileCount) repeat X times set b to RNG's nextInt() set end of blackBunch to item b of blackPile set item b of blackPile to missing value end repeat set blackPile to (blackPile's text) & redBunch set redPile to (redPile's text) & blackBunch (* Count and compare the number of blacks in the black pile and the number of reds in the red. *) set blacksInBlackPile to 0 repeat with card in blackPile if (character -1 of card is in "♣️♠️") then set blacksInBlackPile to blacksInBlackPile + 1 end repeat set redsInRedPile to 0 repeat with card in redPile if (character -1 of card is in "♥️♦️") then set redsInRedPile to redsInRedPile + 1 end repeat return {truth:(blacksInBlackPile = redsInRedPile), reds:redPile, blacks:blackPile, discards:discardPile}
end cardTrick
on join(lst, delim)
set astid to AppleScript's text item delimiters set AppleScript's text item delimiters to delim set txt to lst as text set AppleScript's text item delimiters to astid return txt
end join
on task()
set output to {} repeat with i from 1 to 5 set {truth:truth, reds:reds, blacks:blacks, discards:discards} to cardTrick() set end of output to "Test " & i & ": Assertion is " & truth set end of output to "Red pile: " & join(reds, ", ") set end of output to "Black pile: " & join(blacks, ", ") set end of output to "Discards: " & join(items 1 thru 13 of discards, ", ") set end of output to " " & (join(items 14 thru 26 of discards, ", ") & linefeed) end repeat return text 1 thru -2 of join(output, linefeed)
end task return task()</lang>
- Output:
<lang applescript>"Test 1: Assertion is true Red pile: 3♦️, 2♦️, 9♣️, 6♣️, 3♥️, 9♥️, A♠️, 3♠️, 2♥️, Q♠️, 7♥️, K♥️ Black pile: Q♥️, J♣️, 7♦️, 4♦️, 8♦️, 5♥️, K♣️, 10♠️, 10♣️, 7♣️, 2♣️, 9♦️, 5♣️, 6♦️ Discards: 9♠️, Q♦️, 3♣️, 6♠️, 8♠️, 8♥️, Q♣️, 4♠️, J♠️, K♦️, 7♠️, A♦️, 5♦️
10♥️, J♦️, A♥️, 4♥️, 6♥️, J♥️, K♠️, 5♠️, 10♦️, 4♣️, 2♠️, 8♣️, A♣️
Test 2: Assertion is true Red pile: 7♣️, Q♠️, 2♦️, K♣️, J♠️, A♠️, J♣️, 5♣️, 6♥️, 7♦️, 5♥️, 9♥️, 8♠️, 3♠️, 6♣️, 4♠️ Black pile: K♠️, J♦️, 4♣️, 10♠️, 4♥️, 3♥️, 6♠️, 4♦️, 10♣️, 9♦️ Discards: 8♦️, J♥️, A♣️, 10♥️, 8♣️, 9♠️, A♦️, 2♣️, K♥️, Q♣️, A♥️, 5♦️, 9♣️
K♦️, 3♣️, 2♠️, 7♠️, 5♠️, 2♥️, 6♦️, 10♦️, 3♦️, Q♦️, 8♥️, 7♥️, Q♥️
Test 3: Assertion is true Red pile: 4♥️, 2♠️, Q♦️, 9♣️, 4♣️, 7♥️, A♣️, 6♠️, 3♥️, 8♣️, A♦️, 2♣️, 6♥️, 5♦️ Black pile: K♦️, 2♦️, 5♠️, 10♠️, J♠️, 9♦️, 4♦️, 4♠️, Q♣️, 6♣️, 3♣️, 10♦️ Discards: J♦️, 9♥️, K♠️, 10♥️, 5♥️, 10♣️, K♣️, 8♠️, 8♥️, A♠️, 7♣️, 7♦️, 8♦️
Q♠️, 9♠️, 6♦️, 3♠️, 2♥️, J♣️, A♥️, K♥️, Q♥️, 5♣️, 7♠️, 3♦️, J♥️
Test 4: Assertion is true Red pile: 6♠️, A♣️, 8♥️, 4♣️, 5♥️, J♠️, 9♠️, 7♥️, 7♣️, 4♦️, A♠️, A♥️, 8♠️, 6♦️, 5♣️, Q♣️, 6♥️, K♠️ Black pile: 5♦️, 4♠️, 2♣️, 6♣️, 10♣️, 8♣️, Q♠️, 10♠️ Discards: J♥️, A♦️, 7♠️, 9♥️, K♦️, 10♥️, Q♦️, 10♦️, 8♦️, 3♥️, 3♠️, 2♦️, J♣️
9♦️, J♦️, 9♣️, 2♠️, 3♦️, 2♥️, 7♦️, Q♥️, 3♣️, K♥️, K♣️, 5♠️, 4♥️
Test 5: Assertion is true Red pile: 2♣️, 9♠️, 5♦️, 4♥️, K♥️, 5♥️, 8♦️, 2♠️, 3♦️, 10♥️, 10♦️ Black pile: 2♦️, 2♥️, 8♣️, 9♣️, 7♥️, 3♣️, Q♠️, 10♠️, 8♥️, 10♣️, K♣️, 5♠️, 4♦️, 3♥️, 6♥️ Discards: 7♦️, J♥️, 7♣️, 4♠️, 6♦️, 4♣️, 7♠️, Q♥️, J♠️, Q♦️, 6♠️, J♣️, A♥️
9♦️, K♦️, J♦️, 3♠️, 5♣️, Q♣️, A♣️, K♠️, 8♠️, 9♥️, A♠️, 6♣️, A♦️"</lang>
AutoHotkey
<lang AutoHotkey>;==========================================================
- create cards
cards := [], suits := ["♠","♥","♦","♣"], num := 0 for i, v in StrSplit("A,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,J,Q,K",",") for i, suit in suits cards[++num] := v suit
- ==========================================================
- create gui
w := 40 Gui, font, S10 Gui, font, S10 CRed Gui, add, text, w100 , Face Up Red loop, 26 Gui, add, button, % "x+0 w" w " vFR" A_Index Gui, add, text, xs w100 , Face Down loop, 26 Gui, add, button, % "x+0 w" w " vHR" A_Index Gui, font, S10 CBlack Gui, add, text, xs w100 , Face Up Black loop, 26 Gui, add, button, % "x+0 w" w " vFB" A_Index Gui, add, text, xs w100 , Face Down loop, 26 Gui, add, button, % "x+0 w" w " vHB" A_Index Gui, add, button, xs gShuffle , Shuffle Gui, add, button, x+1 Disabled vDeal gDeal , Deal Gui, add, button, x+1 Disabled vMove gMove, Move Gui, add, button, x+1 Disabled vShowAll gShowAll , Show All Gui, add, button, x+1 Disabled vPeak gPeak, Peak Gui, add, StatusBar Gui, show SB_SetParts(200,200) SB_SetText("0 Face Down Red Cards", 1) SB_SetText("0 Face Down Black Cards", 2) return
- ==========================================================
Shuffle: list := "", shuffled := [] Loop, 52 list .= A_Index "," list := Trim(list, ",") Sort, list, Random D, loop, parse, list, `, shuffled[A_Index] := cards[A_LoopField] loop, 26{ GuiControl,, % "FR" A_Index GuiControl,, % "FB" A_Index GuiControl,, % "HR" A_Index GuiControl,, % "HB" A_Index } GuiControl, Enable, Deal GuiControl, Disable, Move GuiControl, Disable, ShowAll GuiControl, Enable, Peak return
- ==========================================================
peak: list := "" for i, v in shuffled list .= i ": " v (mod(i,2)?"`t":"`n") ToolTip , % list, 1000, 0 return
- ==========================================================
Deal: Color := "", GuiControl, Disable, Deal FaceRed:= [], FaceBlack := [], HiddenRed := [], HiddenBlack := [], toggle := 0 for i, card in shuffled if toggle:=!toggle { if InStr(card, "♥") || InStr(card, "♦") { Color := "Red" faceRed.push(card) GuiControl,, % "FR" faceRed.Count(), % card } else if InStr(card, "♠") || InStr(card, "♣") { Color := "Black" faceBlack.push(card) GuiControl,, % "FB" faceBlack.Count(), % card } } else{ Hidden%Color%.push(card) GuiControl,, % (color="red"?"HR":"HB") Hidden%Color%.Count(), % "?" Sleep, 50 } GuiControl, Enable, Move GuiControl, Enable, ShowAll return
- ==========================================================
Move: tempR := [], tempB := [] Random, rndcount, 1, % HiddenRed.Count() < HiddenBlack.Count() ? HiddenRed.Count() : HiddenBlack.Count() loop, % rndcount{ Random, rnd, 1, % HiddenRed.Count() Random, rnd, 1, % HiddenBlack.Count() tempR.push(HiddenRed.RemoveAt(rnd)) tempB.push(HiddenBlack.RemoveAt(rnd)) } list := "" for i, v in tempR list .= v "`t" tempB[i] "`n" MsgBox % "swapping " rndcount " cards between face down Red and face down Black`n" (ShowAll?"Red`tBlack`n" list:"") for i, v in tempR HiddenBlack.Push(v) for i, v in tempB HiddenRed.push(v) if ShowAll gosub, ShowAll return
- ==========================================================
ShowAll: ShowAll := true, countR := countB := 0 loop, 26{ GuiControl,, % "HR" A_Index GuiControl,, % "HB" A_Index } for i, card in HiddenRed GuiControl,, % "HR" i, % (card~= "[♥♦]"?"[":"") card (card~= "[♥♦]"?"]":"") , countR := (card~= "[♥♦]") ? countR+1 : countR for i, card in HiddenBlack GuiControl,, % "HB" i, % (card~= "[♠♣]"?"[":"") card (card~= "[♠♣]"?"]":"") , countB := (card~= "[♠♣]") ? countB+1 : countB SB_SetText(countR " Face Down Red Cards", 1) SB_SetText(countB " Face Down Black Cards", 2) return
- ==========================================================</lang>
C
<lang C>#include <stdio.h>
- include <stdlib.h>
- include <stdint.h>
- define SIM_N 5 /* Run 5 simulations */
- define PRINT_DISCARDED 1 /* Whether or not to print the discard pile */
- define min(x,y) ((x<y)?(x):(y))
typedef uint8_t card_t;
/* Return a random number from an uniform distribution (0..n-1) */ unsigned int rand_n(unsigned int n) {
unsigned int out, mask = 1; /* Find how many bits to mask off */ while (mask < n) mask = mask<<1 | 1; /* Generate random number */ do { out = rand() & mask; } while (out >= n); return out;
}
/* Return a random card (0..51) from an uniform distribution */ card_t rand_card() {
return rand_n(52);
}
/* Print a card */ void print_card(card_t card) {
static char *suits = "HCDS"; /* hearts, clubs, diamonds and spades */ static char *cards[] = {"A","2","3","4","5","6","7","8","9","10","J","Q","K"}; printf(" %s%c", cards[card>>2], suits[card&3]);
}
/* Shuffle a pack */ void shuffle(card_t *pack) {
int card; card_t temp, randpos; for (card=0; card<52; card++) { randpos = rand_card(); temp = pack[card]; pack[card] = pack[randpos]; pack[randpos] = temp; }
}
/* Do the card trick, return whether cards match */ int trick() {
card_t pack[52]; card_t blacks[52/4], reds[52/4]; card_t top, x, card; int blackn=0, redn=0, blacksw=0, redsw=0, result; /* Create and shuffle a pack */ for (card=0; card<52; card++) pack[card] = card; shuffle(pack); /* Deal cards */
- if PRINT_DISCARDED
printf("Discarded:"); /* Print the discard pile */
- endif
for (card=0; card<52; card += 2) { top = pack[card]; /* Take card */ if (top & 1) { /* Add next card to black or red pile */ blacks[blackn++] = pack[card+1]; } else { reds[redn++] = pack[card+1]; }
- if PRINT_DISCARDED
print_card(top); /* Show which card is discarded */
- endif
}
- if PRINT_DISCARDED
printf("\n");
- endif
/* Swap an amount of cards */ x = rand_n(min(blackn, redn)); for (card=0; card<x; card++) { /* Pick a random card from the black and red pile to swap */ blacksw = rand_n(blackn); redsw = rand_n(redn); /* Swap them */ top = blacks[blacksw]; blacks[blacksw] = reds[redsw]; reds[redsw] = top; } /* Verify the assertion */ result = 0; for (card=0; card<blackn; card++) result += (blacks[card] & 1) == 1; for (card=0; card<redn; card++) result -= (reds[card] & 1) == 0; result = !result; printf("The number of black cards in the 'black' pile" " %s the number of red cards in the 'red' pile.\n", result? "equals" : "does not equal"); return result;
}
int main() {
unsigned int seed, i, successes = 0; FILE *r; /* Seed the RNG with bytes from from /dev/urandom */ if ((r = fopen("/dev/urandom", "r")) == NULL) { fprintf(stderr, "cannot open /dev/urandom\n"); return 255; } if (fread(&seed, sizeof(unsigned int), 1, r) != 1) { fprintf(stderr, "failed to read from /dev/urandom\n"); return 255; } fclose(r); srand(seed); /* Do simulations. */ for (i=1; i<=SIM_N; i++) { printf("Simulation %d\n", i); successes += trick(); printf("\n"); } printf("Result: %d successes out of %d simulations\n", successes, SIM_N); return 0;
}</lang>
- Output:
Simulation 1 Discarded: 10D 9S 7S KD 4S JS 6H 2D 2S 7H JH 5S AD AC 7D 5C 7C KH QD 4D 5H 2C 2H QS AH 3H The number of black cards in the 'black' pile equals the number of red cards in the 'red' pile. Simulation 2 Discarded: AC 10D QC 4H 2D AD 8D 10C 9D 2C QS 3S JC KS 6S AS 2S 6C 6D 6H 3D 8C 2H QH 7D 5D The number of black cards in the 'black' pile equals the number of red cards in the 'red' pile. Simulation 3 Discarded: 5D 2C JC 5C 5H 10D KD 4H KC 4S 8C 9S 6H 4D 2H 9H QS 10C 2S 3C AC 7H QD 7D JD 6S The number of black cards in the 'black' pile equals the number of red cards in the 'red' pile. Simulation 4 Discarded: 6S 4C KS AD 4S QS 9C 7D JD AC KH 10S KD QD 3S 5C QH 9D 2H 5S QC KC 7C 3D 9S AH The number of black cards in the 'black' pile equals the number of red cards in the 'red' pile. Simulation 5 Discarded: AD KH AC 8C 3C 5S KD QS 4C 2H 10C 2C JC 8D 6D JS 7C 4H 6H 6C 3S QC 6S KS 8H 7H The number of black cards in the 'black' pile equals the number of red cards in the 'red' pile. Result: 5 successes out of 5 simulations
Crystal
<lang ruby>deck = ([:black, :red] * 26 ).shuffle black_pile, red_pile, discard = [] of Symbol, [] of Symbol, [] of Symbol
until deck.empty?
discard << deck.pop discard.last == :black ? black_pile << deck.pop : red_pile << deck.pop
end
x = rand( [black_pile.size, red_pile.size].min )
red_bunch = (0...x).map { red_pile.delete_at( rand( red_pile.size )) } black_bunch = (0...x).map { black_pile.delete_at( rand( black_pile.size )) }
black_pile += red_bunch red_pile += black_bunch
puts "The magician predicts there will be #{black_pile.count( :black )} red cards in the other pile. Drumroll... There were #{red_pile.count( :red )}!"</lang>
- Output:
The magician predicts there will be 7 red cards in the other pile. Drumroll... There were 7!
F#
<lang fsharp> //Be boggled? Nigel Galloway: September 19th., 2018 let N=System.Random() let fN=List.unfold(function |(0,0)->None |(n,g)->let ng=N.Next (n+g) in Some (if ng>=n then ("Black",(n,g-1)) else ("Red",(n-1,g))))(26,26) let fG n=let (n,n')::(g,g')::_=List.countBy(fun (n::g::_)->if n=g then n else g) n in sprintf "%d %s cards and %d %s cards" n' n g' g printf "A well shuffled deck -> "; List.iter (printf "%s ") fN; printfn "" fN |> List.chunkBySize 2 |> List.groupBy List.head |> List.iter(fun(n,n')->printfn "The %s pile contains %s" n (fG n')) </lang>
- Output:
A well shuffled deck -> Black Black Black Black Red Red Black Red Black Black Red Red Red Red Red Black Red Black Black Red Red Black Black Red Black Red Red Red Black Black Red Red Black Red Red Black Red Black Black Black Black Red Red Black Black Red Black Black Red Red Black Red The Black pile contains 6 Black cards and 8 Red cards The Red pile contains 6 Red cards and 6 Black cards
Factor
<lang factor>USING: accessors combinators.extras formatting fry generalizations io kernel math math.ranges random sequences sequences.extras ; IN: rosetta-code.mind-boggling-card-trick
SYMBOLS: R B ;
TUPLE: piles deck red black discard ;
- initialize-deck ( -- seq )
[ R ] [ B ] [ '[ 26 _ V{ } replicate-as ] call ] bi@ append randomize ;
- <piles> ( -- piles )
initialize-deck [ V{ } clone ] thrice piles boa ;
- deal-step ( piles -- piles' )
dup [ deck>> pop dup ] [ discard>> push ] [ deck>> pop ] tri B = [ over black>> ] [ over red>> ] if push ;
- deal ( piles -- piles' ) 26 [ deal-step ] times ;
- choose-sample-size ( piles -- n )
[ red>> ] [ black>> ] bi shorter length [0,b] random ;
! Partition a sequence into n random samples in one sequence and ! the leftovers in another.
- sample-partition ( vec n -- leftovers sample )
[ 3 dupn ] dip sample dup [ [ swap remove-first! drop ] with each ] dip ;
- perform-swaps ( piles -- piles' )
dup dup choose-sample-size dup "Swapping %d\n" printf [ [ red>> ] dip ] [ [ black>> ] dip ] 2bi [ sample-partition ] 2bi@ [ append ] dip rot append [ >>black ] dip >>red ;
- test-assertion ( piles -- )
[ red>> ] [ black>> ] bi [ [ R = ] count ] [ [ B = ] count ] bi* 2dup = [ "Assertion correct!" ] [ "Assertion incorrect!" ] if print "R in red: %d\nB in black: %d\n" printf ;
- main ( -- )
<piles> ! step 1 deal ! step 2 dup "Post-deal state:\n%u\n" printf perform-swaps ! step 3 dup "Post-swap state:\n%u\n" printf test-assertion ; ! step 4
MAIN: main</lang> A run:
- Output:
Post-deal state: T{ piles { deck V{ } } { red V{ B R B R R B B R R R R } } { black V{ R B R B B R B B R R R R R B B } } { discard V{ R B R B R B B B R R R B B B R B R R R R R R B R B R } } } Swapping 11 Post-swap state: T{ piles { deck V{ } } { red V{ B R B B R R B R R R R } } { black V{ B R R B B R B R R R R B R B B } } { discard V{ R B R B R B B B R R R B B B R B R R R R R R B R B R } } } Assertion correct! R in red: 7 B in black: 7
Another run:
- Output:
Post-deal state: T{ piles { deck V{ } } { red V{ R R R B B R B R R B } } { black V{ B R B B R B R B R R R R R R B R } } { discard V{ R R B R B B R B B R B R R B B R R R R R R R B R R B } } } Swapping 7 Post-swap state: T{ piles { deck V{ } } { red V{ B R R R B R B B R B } } { black V{ R R B R R B R B B R R R R R B R } } { discard V{ R R B R B B R B B R B R R B B R R R R R R R B R R B } } } Assertion correct! R in red: 5 B in black: 5
Go
<lang go>package main
import (
"fmt" "math/rand" "time"
)
func main() {
// Create pack, half red, half black and shuffle it. var pack [52]byte for i := 0; i < 26; i++ { pack[i] = 'R' pack[26+i] = 'B' } rand.Seed(time.Now().UnixNano()) rand.Shuffle(52, func(i, j int) { pack[i], pack[j] = pack[j], pack[i] })
// Deal from pack into 3 stacks. var red, black, discard []byte for i := 0; i < 51; i += 2 { switch pack[i] { case 'B': black = append(black, pack[i+1]) case 'R': red = append(red, pack[i+1]) } discard = append(discard, pack[i]) } lr, lb, ld := len(red), len(black), len(discard) fmt.Println("After dealing the cards the state of the stacks is:") fmt.Printf(" Red : %2d cards -> %c\n", lr, red) fmt.Printf(" Black : %2d cards -> %c\n", lb, black) fmt.Printf(" Discard: %2d cards -> %c\n", ld, discard)
// Swap the same, random, number of cards between the red and black stacks. min := lr if lb < min { min = lb } n := 1 + rand.Intn(min) rp := rand.Perm(lr)[:n] bp := rand.Perm(lb)[:n] fmt.Printf("\n%d card(s) are to be swapped.\n\n", n) fmt.Println("The respective zero-based indices of the cards(s) to be swapped are:") fmt.Printf(" Red : %2d\n", rp) fmt.Printf(" Black : %2d\n", bp) for i := 0; i < n; i++ { red[rp[i]], black[bp[i]] = black[bp[i]], red[rp[i]] } fmt.Println("\nAfter swapping, the state of the red and black stacks is:") fmt.Printf(" Red : %c\n", red) fmt.Printf(" Black : %c\n", black)
// Check that the number of black cards in the black stack equals // the number of red cards in the red stack. rcount, bcount := 0, 0 for _, c := range red { if c == 'R' { rcount++ } } for _, c := range black { if c == 'B' { bcount++ } }
fmt.Println("\nThe number of red cards in the red stack =", rcount) fmt.Println("The number of black cards in the black stack =", bcount) if rcount == bcount { fmt.Println("So the asssertion is correct!") } else { fmt.Println("So the asssertion is incorrect!") }
}</lang>
- Output:
First sample run:
After dealing the cards the state of the stacks is: Red : 15 cards -> [B R R R R B R B R B B R B B B] Black : 11 cards -> [R B R B B R R B B B B] Discard: 26 cards -> [R R R R B B B B B B B R R R B B B R R R R R R B R R] 8 card(s) are to be swapped. The respective zero-based indices of the cards(s) to be swapped are: Red : [10 2 11 14 12 3 9 5] Black : [ 7 10 3 0 5 8 6 1] After swapping, the state of the red and black stacks is: Red : [B R B B R B R B R R B B R B R] Black : [B B R R B B B B R B R] The number of red cards in the red stack = 7 The number of black cards in the black stack = 7 So the asssertion is correct!
Second sample run:
After dealing the cards the state of the stacks is: Red : 12 cards -> [B B R B R R R B B B R B] Black : 14 cards -> [B R R R B R R B B R R B R R] Discard: 26 cards -> [R R B B B R R B B B R R R B B B R B B B R B R R R B] 2 card(s) are to be swapped. The respective zero-based indices of the cards(s) to be swapped are: Red : [ 1 6] Black : [11 12] After swapping, the state of the red and black stacks is: Red : [B B R B R R R B B B R B] Black : [B R R R B R R B B R R B R R] The number of red cards in the red stack = 5 The number of black cards in the black stack = 5 So the asssertion is correct!
Haskell
<lang haskell>import System.Random (randomRIO) import Data.List (partition) import Data.Monoid ((<>))
main :: IO [Int] main = do
-- DEALT ns <- knuthShuffle [1 .. 52] let (rs_, bs_, discards) = threeStacks (rb <$> ns) -- SWAPPED nSwap <- randomRIO (1, min (length rs_) (length bs_)) let (rs, bs) = exchange nSwap rs_ bs_ -- CHECKED let rrs = filter ('R' ==) rs let bbs = filter ('B' ==) bs putStrLn $ unlines [ "Discarded: " <> discards , "Swapped: " <> show nSwap , "Red pile: " <> rs , "Black pile: " <> bs , rrs <> " = Red cards in the red pile" , bbs <> " = Black cards in the black pile" , show $ length rrs == length bbs ] return ns
-- RED vs BLACK ---------------------------------------- rb :: Int -> Char rb n
| even n = 'R' | otherwise = 'B'
-- THREE STACKS ---------------------------------------- threeStacks :: String -> (String, String, String) threeStacks = go ([], [], [])
where go tpl [] = tpl go (rs, bs, ds) [x] = (rs, bs, x : ds) go (rs, bs, ds) (x:y:xs) | 'R' == x = go (y : rs, bs, x : ds) xs | otherwise = go (rs, y : bs, x : ds) xs
exchange :: Int -> [a] -> [a] -> ([a], [a]) exchange n xs ys =
let [xs_, ys_] = splitAt n <$> [xs, ys] in (fst ys_ <> snd xs_, fst xs_ <> snd ys_)
-- SHUFFLE ----------------------------------------------- -- (See Knuth Shuffle task) knuthShuffle :: [a] -> IO [a] knuthShuffle xs = (foldr swapElems xs . zip [1 ..]) <$> randoms (length xs)
randoms :: Int -> IO [Int] randoms x = traverse (randomRIO . (,) 0) [1 .. (pred x)]
swapElems :: (Int, Int) -> [a] -> [a] swapElems (i, j) xs
| i == j = xs | otherwise = replaceAt j (xs !! i) $ replaceAt i (xs !! j) xs
replaceAt :: Int -> a -> [a] -> [a] replaceAt i c l =
let (a, b) = splitAt i l in a ++ c : drop 1 b</lang>
- Output:
Discarded: RRRRRBBBBBRBBBRBBRBRRBRRRB Swapped: 7 Red pile: BBBRRBRBRBBRR Black pile: BRRRRRBBRBBRB RRRRRR = Red cards in the red pile BBBBBB = Black cards in the black pile True
J
The trick verb returns 0 if the magician's proposition fails, otherwise 1. <lang J>
NB. A failed assertion looks like this assert 0
|assertion failure: assert | assert 0 </lang> We find that in three runs the trick works. <lang J> shuffle =: {~ ?~@:# f =: (,&.> {:)~ g =: ({.@],(f {:))`((f {.),{:@])@.({.@[)
trick =: 3 :0
DECK =: shuffle 2 | i. 52 'B R' =: shuffle L:_1 > g&.>/(_2 <\ DECK) , < 2 # a: NB. although I swap the first N cards of each pile, NB. the piles were shuffled following placement N =: ? R <.&# B echo 'prior to swap of ',(":N),' cards' echo 'black pile ',B{'rB' echo 'red pile ',R{'rB' BR =: N {. B RB =: N {. R B =: RB , N }. B R =: BR , N }. R echo 'after swap' echo 'black pile ',B{'rB' echo 'red pile ',R{'rB' B (-:&(+/) -.) R
)
assert trick
prior to swap of 10 cards black pile rBrrrrrBBrrrBrr red pile BBrBrBBrBBr after swap black pile BBrBrBBrBBrrBrr red pile rBrrrrrBBrr
assert trick
prior to swap of 6 cards black pile rBBBBrBBr red pile rrBBBBrBrBBBBrrBB after swap black pile rrBBBBBBr red pile rBBBBrrBrBBBBrrBB
assert trick
prior to swap of 3 cards black pile rBrBrrrBBrr red pile BrrBrBBrBBBBBBB after swap black pile BrrBrrrBBrr red pile rBrBrBBrBBBBBBB </lang>
JavaScript
<lang javascript>(() => {
'use strict';
const main = () => { const // DEALT [rs_, bs_, discards] = threeStacks( map(n => even(n) ? ( 'R' ) : 'B', knuthShuffle( enumFromTo(1, 52) ) ) ),
// SWAPPED nSwap = randomRInt(1, min(rs_.length, bs_.length)), [rs, bs] = exchange(nSwap, rs_, bs_),
// CHECKED rrs = filter(c => 'R' === c, rs).join(), bbs = filter(c => 'B' === c, bs).join(); return unlines([ 'Discarded: ' + discards.join(), 'Swapped: ' + nSwap, 'Red pile: ' + rs.join(), 'Black pile: ' + bs.join(), rrs + ' = Red cards in the red pile', bbs + ' = Black cards in the black pile', (rrs.length === bbs.length).toString() ]); };
// THREE STACKS ---------------------------------------
// threeStacks :: [Chars] -> ([Chars], [Chars], [Chars]) const threeStacks = cards => { const go = ([rs, bs, ds]) => xs => { const lng = xs.length; return 0 < lng ? ( 1 < lng ? (() => { const [x, y] = take(2, xs), ds_ = cons(x, ds); return ( 'R' === x ? ( go([cons(y, rs), bs, ds_]) ) : go([rs, cons(y, bs), ds_]) )(drop(2, xs)); })() : [rs, bs, ds_] ) : [rs, bs, ds]; }; return go([ [], [], [] ])(cards); };
// exchange :: Int -> [a] -> [a] -> ([a], [a]) const exchange = (n, xs, ys) => { const [xs_, ys_] = map(splitAt(n), [xs, ys]); return [ fst(ys_).concat(snd(xs_)), fst(xs_).concat(snd(ys_)) ]; };
// SHUFFLE --------------------------------------------
// knuthShuffle :: [a] -> [a] const knuthShuffle = xs => enumFromTo(0, xs.length - 1) .reduceRight((a, i) => { const iRand = randomRInt(0, i); return i !== iRand ? ( swapped(i, iRand, a) ) : a; }, xs);
// swapped :: Int -> Int -> [a] -> [a] const swapped = (iFrom, iTo, xs) => xs.map( (x, i) => iFrom !== i ? ( iTo !== i ? ( x ) : xs[iFrom] ) : xs[iTo] );
// GENERIC FUNCTIONS ----------------------------------
// cons :: a -> [a] -> [a] const cons = (x, xs) => Array.isArray(xs) ? ( [x].concat(xs) ) : (x + xs);
// drop :: Int -> [a] -> [a] // drop :: Int -> String -> String const drop = (n, xs) => xs.slice(n);
// enumFromTo :: Int -> Int -> [Int] const enumFromTo = (m, n) => m <= n ? iterateUntil( x => n <= x, x => 1 + x, m ) : [];
// even :: Int -> Bool const even = n => 0 === n % 2;
// filter :: (a -> Bool) -> [a] -> [a] const filter = (f, xs) => xs.filter(f);
// fst :: (a, b) -> a const fst = tpl => tpl[0];
// iterateUntil :: (a -> Bool) -> (a -> a) -> a -> [a] const iterateUntil = (p, f, x) => { const vs = [x]; let h = x; while (!p(h))(h = f(h), vs.push(h)); return vs; };
// map :: (a -> b) -> [a] -> [b] const map = (f, xs) => xs.map(f);
// min :: Ord a => a -> a -> a const min = (a, b) => b < a ? b : a;
// randomRInt :: Int -> Int -> Int const randomRInt = (low, high) => low + Math.floor( (Math.random() * ((high - low) + 1)) );
// snd :: (a, b) -> b const snd = tpl => tpl[1];
// splitAt :: Int -> [a] -> ([a],[a]) const splitAt = n => xs => Tuple(xs.slice(0, n), xs.slice(n));
// take :: Int -> [a] -> [a] const take = (n, xs) => xs.slice(0, n);
// Tuple (,) :: a -> b -> (a, b) const Tuple = (a, b) => ({ type: 'Tuple', '0': a, '1': b, length: 2 });
// unlines :: [String] -> String const unlines = xs => xs.join('\n');
// MAIN --- return main();
})();</lang>
- Output:
Discarded: BRBRBRRRRBBBRBBBRBBBBBRRBR Swapped: 7 Red pile: RBRRRRRRBRB Black pile: BBBRRBRBBBRRBRR RRRRRRRR = Red cards in the red pile BBBBBBBB = Black cards in the black pile true
Julia
<lang julia>const rbdeck = split(repeat('R', 26) * repeat('B', 26), "") shuffledeck() = shuffle(rbdeck)
function deal!(deck, dpile, bpile, rpile)
while !isempty(deck) if (topcard = pop!(deck)) == "R" push!(rpile, pop!(deck)) else push!(bpile, pop!(deck)) end push!(dpile, topcard) end
end
function swap!(rpile, bpile, nswapping)
rpick = sort(randperm(length(rpile))[1:nswapping]) bpick = sort(randperm(length(bpile))[1:nswapping]) rrm = rpile[rpick]; brm = bpile[bpick] deleteat!(rpile, rpick); deleteat!(bpile, bpick) append!(rpile, brm); append!(bpile, rrm)
end
function mindbogglingcardtrick(verbose=true)
prif(cond, txt) = (if(cond) println(txt) end) deck = shuffledeck() prif(verbose, "Shuffled deck is: $deck")
dpile, rpile, bpile = [], [], [] deal!(deck, dpile, bpile, rpile)
prif(verbose, "Before swap:") prif(verbose, "Discard pile: $dpile") prif(verbose, "Red card pile: $rpile") prif(verbose, "Black card pile: $bpile") amount = rand(1:min(length(rpile), length(bpile))) prif(verbose, "Swapping a random number of cards: $amount will be swapped.") swap!(rpile, bpile, amount) prif(verbose, "Red pile after swaps: $rpile") prif(verbose, "Black pile after swaps: $bpile") println("There are $(sum(map(x->x=="B", bpile))) black cards in the black card pile:") println("there are $(sum(map(x->x=="R", rpile))) red cards in the red card pile.") prif(verbose, "")
end
mindbogglingcardtrick()
for _ in 1:10
mindbogglingcardtrick(false)
end
</lang>
- Output:
Shuffled deck is: SubString{String}["B", "B", "R", "B", "B", "R", "B", "R", "B", "R", "B", "B", "B", "R", "B", "R", "R", "B", "R", "R", "R", "R", "R", "R", "B", "R", "B", "B", "B", "R", "R", "B", "B", "R", "B", "B", "R", "R", "B", "R", "R", "R", "R", "B", "B", "R", "B", "B", "B", "B", "R", "R"] Before swap: Discard pile: Any["R", "B", "B", "R", "B", "R", "R", "R", "B", "R", "B", "R", "B", "R", "R", "R", "R", "B", "R", "R", "B", "R", "R", "R", "B", "B"] Red card pile: Any["R", "B", "R", "B", "R", "B", "B", "B", "R", "R", "R", "B", "B", "B", "B", "B"] Black card pile: Any["B", "B", "R", "B", "R", "B", "R", "B", "R", "B"] Swapping a random number of cards: 8 will be swapped. Red pile after swaps: Any["R", "B", "B", "B", "R", "B", "B", "B", "R", "B", "R", "B", "R", "B", "R", "B"] Black pile after swaps: Any["B", "B", "R", "R", "B", "B", "R", "R", "B", "B"] There are 6 black cards in the black card pile: there are 6 red cards in the red card pile.There are 5 black cards in the black card pile: there are 5 red cards in the red card pile. There are 6 black cards in the black card pile: there are 6 red cards in the red card pile. There are 7 black cards in the black card pile: there are 7 red cards in the red card pile. There are 8 black cards in the black card pile: there are 8 red cards in the red card pile. There are 7 black cards in the black card pile: there are 7 red cards in the red card pile. There are 5 black cards in the black card pile: there are 5 red cards in the red card pile. There are 6 black cards in the black card pile: there are 6 red cards in the red card pile. There are 8 black cards in the black card pile: there are 8 red cards in the red card pile. There are 6 black cards in the black card pile: there are 6 red cards in the red card pile. There are 8 black cards in the black card pile: there are 8 red cards in the red card pile.
Kotlin
<lang scala>// Version 1.2.61
import java.util.Random
fun main(args: Array<String>) {
// Create pack, half red, half black and shuffle it. val pack = MutableList(52) { if (it < 26) 'R' else 'B' } pack.shuffle()
// Deal from pack into 3 stacks. val red = mutableListOf<Char>() val black = mutableListOf<Char>() val discard = mutableListOf<Char>() for (i in 0 until 52 step 2) { when (pack[i]) { 'B' -> black.add(pack[i + 1]) 'R' -> red.add(pack[i + 1]) } discard.add(pack[i]) } val sr = red.size val sb = black.size val sd = discard.size println("After dealing the cards the state of the stacks is:") System.out.printf(" Red : %2d cards -> %s\n", sr, red) System.out.printf(" Black : %2d cards -> %s\n", sb, black) System.out.printf(" Discard: %2d cards -> %s\n", sd, discard)
// Swap the same, random, number of cards between the red and black stacks. val rand = Random() val min = minOf(sr, sb) val n = 1 + rand.nextInt(min) var rp = MutableList(sr) { it }.shuffled().subList(0, n) var bp = MutableList(sb) { it }.shuffled().subList(0, n) println("\n$n card(s) are to be swapped\n") println("The respective zero-based indices of the cards(s) to be swapped are:") println(" Red : $rp") println(" Black : $bp") for (i in 0 until n) { val temp = red[rp[i]] red[rp[i]] = black[bp[i]] black[bp[i]] = temp } println("\nAfter swapping, the state of the red and black stacks is:") println(" Red : $red") println(" Black : $black")
// Check that the number of black cards in the black stack equals // the number of red cards in the red stack. var rcount = 0 var bcount = 0 for (c in red) if (c == 'R') rcount++ for (c in black) if (c == 'B') bcount++ println("\nThe number of red cards in the red stack = $rcount") println("The number of black cards in the black stack = $bcount") if (rcount == bcount) { println("So the asssertion is correct!") } else { println("So the asssertion is incorrect!") }
}</lang>
- Output:
First sample run:
After dealing the cards the state of the stacks is: Red : 10 cards -> [R, R, B, R, R, B, B, R, R, R] Black : 16 cards -> [B, B, R, R, R, R, B, R, R, B, R, B, B, R, R, B] Discard: 26 cards -> [R, B, B, B, R, R, B, B, B, R, B, B, B, B, R, B, R, B, R, R, R, R, B, B, B, B] 7 card(s) are to be swapped The respective zero-based indices of the cards(s) to be swapped are: Red : [3, 5, 6, 1, 4, 9, 7] Black : [2, 0, 3, 15, 14, 12, 7] After swapping, the state of the red and black stacks is: Red : [R, B, B, R, R, B, R, R, R, B] Black : [B, B, R, B, R, R, B, R, R, B, R, B, R, R, R, R] The number of red cards in the red stack = 6 The number of black cards in the black stack = 6 So the asssertion is correct!
Second sample run:
After dealing the cards the state of the stacks is: Red : 11 cards -> [B, R, R, B, R, B, R, B, B, B, R] Black : 15 cards -> [B, R, R, R, B, R, R, R, B, R, R, R, B, R, B] Discard: 26 cards -> [B, R, R, B, B, R, R, B, B, R, R, B, B, B, B, R, R, B, B, B, R, R, B, B, B, R] 3 card(s) are to be swapped The respective zero-based indices of the cards(s) to be swapped are: Red : [4, 2, 3] Black : [0, 14, 2] After swapping, the state of the red and black stacks is: Red : [B, R, B, R, B, B, R, B, B, B, R] Black : [R, R, B, R, B, R, R, R, B, R, R, R, B, R, R] The number of red cards in the red stack = 4 The number of black cards in the black stack = 4 So the asssertion is correct!
Mathematica/Wolfram Language
<lang Mathematica>s = RandomSample@Flatten[{Table[0, 26], Table[1, 26]}] g = Take[s, {1, -1, 2}] d = Take[s, {2, -1, 2}] a = b = {}; Table[If[gi == 1, AppendTo[a, di], AppendTo[b, di]], {i,
Length@g}];
a b dice = RandomInteger[{1, 6}] ra = Sort@RandomSample[Range@Length@a, dice] a = {Delete[a, List /@ ra], ara} rb = Sort@RandomSample[Range@Length@b, dice] b = {Delete[b, List /@ rb], brb} finala = Join[a1, b2] finalb = Join[b1, a2] Count[finala, 1] == Count[finalb, 0]</lang>
- Output:
{0,1,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,0,1,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,1,0,1,1,1,1,1,0,1,1,1,0,0,1} //shuffled deck {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,1,1,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,0} // those are the key-cards {1,1,1,0,1,0,1,0,0,1,1,1,0,1,0,0,1,1,0,0,1,1,0,1,0,1} //those are the cards that will form the 2 piles based on keys {0,1,1,1,0,0,1,1,0,1,0} //this is pile A {1,1,1,0,1,0,1,0,1,0,0,1,1,0,1} // this is pile B 4 //we throw a dice {2,7,10,11} // we remove this 4 cards from pile A {{0,1,1,0,0,1,0},{1,1,1,0}} // this is pile A split {3,8,10,11} // we remove 4 cards from different positions of pile B {{1,1,0,1,0,1,1,1,1,0,1},{1,0,0,0}} //here is pile B split {0,1,1,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,0} //this is final A pile {1,1,0,1,0,1,1,1,1,0,1,1,1,1,0} //this is final B pile True // the result is TRUE
Nim
<lang Nim>import random, sequtils, strformat, strutils
type Color {.pure.} = enum Red = "R", Black = "B"
proc `$`(s: seq[Color]): string = s.join(" ")
- Create pack, half red, half black and shuffle it.
var pack = newSeq[Color](52) for i in 0..51: pack[i] = Color(i < 26) pack.shuffle()
- Deal from pack into 3 stacks.
var red, black, others: seq[Color] for i in countup(0, 51, 2):
case pack[i] of Red: red.add pack[i + 1] of Black: black.add pack[i + 1] others.add pack[i]
echo "After dealing the cards the state of the stacks is:" echo &" Red: {red.len:>2} cards -> {red}" echo &" Black: {black.len:>2} cards -> {black}" echo &" Discard: {others.len:>2} cards -> {others}"
- Swap the same, random, number of cards between the red and black stacks.
let m = min(red.len, black.len) let n = rand(1..m) var rp = toSeq(0..red.high) rp.shuffle() rp.setLen(n) var bp = toSeq(0..black.high) bp.shuffle() bp.setLen(n) echo &"\n{n} card(s) are to be swapped.\n" echo "The respective zero-based indices of the cards(s) to be swapped are:" echo " Red : ", rp.join(" ") echo " Black : ", bp.join(" ") for i in 0..<n:
swap red[rp[i]], black[bp[i]]
echo "\nAfter swapping, the state of the red and black stacks is:" echo " Red : ", red echo " Black : ", black
- Check that the number of black cards in the black stack equals
- the number of red cards in the red stack.
let rcount = red.count(Red) let bcount = black.count(Black) echo "" echo "The number of red cards in the red stack is ", rcount echo "The number of black cards in the black stack is ", bcount if rcount == bcount:
echo "So the asssertion is correct."
else:
echo "So the asssertion is incorrect."</lang>
- Output:
After dealing the cards the state of the stacks is: Red: 14 cards -> B B B B R R B B R B R R R B Black: 12 cards -> R R R B R B B R B B R B Discard: 26 cards -> B B R R R R B B B R R R R R B B B R R B R B R B B R 6 card(s) are to be swapped. The respective zero-based indices of the cards(s) to be swapped are: Red : 6 9 10 5 13 3 Black : 7 4 5 8 2 11 After swapping, the state of the red and black stacks is: Red : B B B B R B R B R R B R R R Black : R R B B B R B B R B R B The number of red cards in the red stack is 7 The number of black cards in the black stack is 7 So the asssertion is correct.
Perl
Trying several non-random deck orderings, in addition to a shuffled one. Predictably, the trick always works.
<lang perl>sub trick {
my(@deck) = @_; my $result .= sprintf "%-28s @deck\n", 'Starting deck:';
my(@discard, @red, @black); deal(\@deck, \@discard, \@red, \@black);
$result .= sprintf "%-28s @red\n", 'Red pile:'; $result .= sprintf "%-28s @black\n", 'Black pile:';
my $n = int rand(+@red < +@black ? +@red : +@black); swap(\@red, \@black, $n);
$result .= sprintf "Red pile after %2d swapped: @red\n", $n; $result .= sprintf "Black pile after %2d swapped: @black\n", $n;
$result .= sprintf "Red in Red, Black in Black: %d = %d\n", (scalar grep {/R/} @red), scalar grep {/B/} @black; return "$result\n";
}
sub deal {
my($c, $d, $r, $b) = @_; while (@$c) { my $top = shift @$c; if ($top eq 'R') { push @$r, shift @$c } else { push @$b, shift @$c } push @$d, $top; }
}
sub swap {
my($r, $b, $n) = @_; push @$r, splice @$b, 0, $n; push @$b, splice @$r, 0, $n;
}
@deck = split , 'RB' x 26; # alternating red and black print trick(@deck); @deck = split , 'RRBB' x 13; # alternating pairs of reds and blacks print trick(@deck); @deck = sort @deck; # all blacks precede reds print trick(@deck); @deck = sort { -1 + 2*int(rand 2) } @deck; # poor man's shuffle print trick(@deck);</lang>
- Output:
Starting deck: R B R B R B R B R B R B R B R B R B R B R B R B R B R B R B R B R B R B R B R B R B R B R B R B R B R B Red pile: B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B Black pile: Red pile after 0 swapped: B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B Black pile after 0 swapped: Red in Red, Black in Black: 0 = 0 Starting deck: R R B B R R B B R R B B R R B B R R B B R R B B R R B B R R B B R R B B R R B B R R B B R R B B R R B B Red pile: R R R R R R R R R R R R R Black pile: B B B B B B B B B B B B B Red pile after 8 swapped: R R R R R B B B B B B B B Black pile after 8 swapped: B B B B B R R R R R R R R Red in Red, Black in Black: 5 = 5 Starting deck: B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R Red pile: R R R R R R R R R R R R R Black pile: B B B B B B B B B B B B B Red pile after 8 swapped: R R R R R B B B B B B B B Black pile after 8 swapped: B B B B B R R R R R R R R Red in Red, Black in Black: 5 = 5 Starting deck: B B R R B R B B B R R B R R B B B B R B R R B B B B B B R B R B R R R R B R B B B R B R B R R R R R R R Red pile: R B R B R B B R R R R R Black pile: B R B R B B B B B R B R R R Red pile after 6 swapped: B R R R R R B R B R B B Black pile after 6 swapped: B B B R B R R R R B R B R B Red in Red, Black in Black: 7 = 7
Phix
with javascript_semantics constant n = 52, pack = shuffle(repeat('r',n/2)&repeat('b',n/2)) string black = "", red = "", discard = "" for i=1 to length(pack) by 2 do integer top = pack[i], next = pack[i+1] if top=='b' then black &= next else red &= next end if discard &= top end for black = shuffle(black); red = shuffle(red) -- (optional) --printf(1,"Discards : %s\n",{discard}) printf(1,"Reds : %s\nBlacks : %s\n\n",{red,black}) integer lb = length(black), lr = length(red), ns = rand(min(lb,lr)) printf(1,"Swap %d cards:\n\n", ns) string b1ns = black[1..ns], r1ns = red[1..ns] black[1..ns] = r1ns red[1..ns] = b1ns printf(1,"Reds : %s\nBlacks : %s\n\n",{red,black}) integer nb = sum(sq_eq(black,'b')), nr = sum(sq_eq(red,'r')) string correct = iff(nr==nb?"correct":"**INCORRECT**") printf(1,"%d r in red, %d b in black - assertion %s\n",{nr,nb,correct})
- Output:
Reds : brrbrrrrbrbr Blacks : brrrbbbrbbbbrr Swap 5 cards: Reds : brrrbrrrbrbr Blacks : brrbrbbrbbbbrr 8 r in red, 8 b in black - assertion correct
Python
The code is layed out to follow the task decription, leading to some deviations from the PEP8 guidelines <lang python>import random
- 1. Cards
n = 52 Black, Red = 'Black', 'Red' blacks = [Black] * (n // 2) reds = [Red] * (n // 2) pack = blacks + reds
- Give the pack a good shuffle.
random.shuffle(pack)
- 2. Deal from the randomised pack into three stacks
black_stack, red_stack, discard = [], [], [] while pack:
top = pack.pop() if top == Black: black_stack.append(pack.pop()) else: red_stack.append(pack.pop()) discard.append(top)
print('(Discards:', ' '.join(d[0] for d in discard), ')\n')
- 3. Swap the same, random, number of cards between the two stacks.
- We can't swap more than the number of cards in a stack.
max_swaps = min(len(black_stack), len(red_stack))
- Randomly choose the number of cards to swap.
swap_count = random.randint(0, max_swaps) print('Swapping', swap_count)
- Randomly choose that number of cards out of each stack to swap.
def random_partition(stack, count):
"Partition the stack into 'count' randomly selected members and the rest" sample = random.sample(stack, count) rest = stack[::] for card in sample: rest.remove(card) return rest, sample
black_stack, black_swap = random_partition(black_stack, swap_count) red_stack, red_swap = random_partition(red_stack, swap_count)
- Perform the swap.
black_stack += red_swap red_stack += black_swap
- 4. Order from randomness?
if black_stack.count(Black) == red_stack.count(Red):
print('Yeha! The mathematicians assertion is correct.')
else:
print('Whoops - The mathematicians (or my card manipulations) are flakey')</lang>
A run.
- Output:
(Discards: R B R R B B R R R B B B B R R R B R R B B B B R B R ) Swapping 11 Yeha! The mathematicians assertion is correct.
A second run:
- Output:
(Discards: R B B R B B R B R R R B R R B B B B R R B R R B B R ) Swapping 2 Yeha! The mathematicians assertion is correct.
Quackery
<lang Quackery> [ stack ] is discards ( --> s )
[ stack ] is red-card ( --> s ) [ stack ] is black-card ( --> s )
[ dup take rot join swap put ] is to-pile ( n s --> )
[ $ "" discards put $ "" red-card put $ "" black-card put char R 26 of char B 26 of join shuffle 26 times [ behead tuck discards to-pile behead rot char R = iff red-card else black-card to-pile ] drop discards take witheach [ emit sp ] cr red-card take black-card take over size over size min random say "Swapping " dup echo say " cards." cr dup dip [ split rot ] split dip join rot join 0 swap witheach [ char R = + ] 0 rot witheach [ char B = + ] say "The assertion is " = iff [ say "true." ] else [ say "false." ] cr cr ] is task ( --> )
5 times task</lang>
- Output:
B B R R R B R R B B B R B B R R R R R B B R B R B R Swapping 4 cards. The assertion is true. R R B B R B R B B B B R B R R B R B B B R R B R R R Swapping 3 cards. The assertion is true. B R R R B R R R B R R R R B R B R B B R B R B B B R Swapping 4 cards. The assertion is true. R B B B B B R B R R R B R B B R R B B R B R R R R B Swapping 11 cards. The assertion is true. R B B R B B B B B R R B B B R B R B R B B B R B B B Swapping 2 cards. The assertion is true.
R
<lang R> magictrick<-function(){
deck=c(rep("B",26),rep("R",26)) deck=sample(deck,52) blackpile=character(0) redpile=character(0) discardpile=character(0) while(length(deck)>0){ if(deck[1]=="B"){ blackpile=c(blackpile,deck[2]) deck=deck[-2] }else{ redpile=c(redpile,deck[2]) deck=deck[-2] } discardpile=c(discardpile,deck[1]) deck=deck[-1] } cat("After the deal the state of the piles is:","\n", "Black pile:",blackpile,"\n","Red pile:",redpile,"\n", "Discard pile:",discardpile,"\n","\n") X=sample(1:min(length(redpile),length(blackpile)),1) if(X==1){s=" is"}else{s="s are"} cat(X," card",s," being swapped.","\n","\n",sep="") redindex=sample(1:length(redpile),X) blackindex=sample(1:length(blackpile),X) redbunch=redpile[redindex] redpile=redpile[-redindex] blackbunch=blackpile[blackindex] blackpile=blackpile[-blackindex] redpile=c(redpile,blackbunch) blackpile=c(blackpile,redbunch) cat("After the swap the state of the piles is:","\n", "Black pile:",blackpile,"\n","Red pile:",redpile,"\n","\n") cat("There are ", length(which(blackpile=="B")), " black cards in the black pile.","\n", "There are ", length(which(redpile=="R")), " red cards in the red pile.","\n",sep="") if(length(which(blackpile=="B"))==length(which(redpile=="R"))){ cat("The assertion is true!") }
} </lang>
- Output:
After the deal the state of the piles is: Black pile: B B R R B R B R R B B Red pile: R B B B B B R B R R R B R B B Discard pile: R R R R B R R R B R R B R B R R B R B R B B B R B B 10 cards are being swapped. After the swap the state of the piles is: Black pile: R B B B B R R R R B R Red pile: B B R B B B R B B B B R B R R There are 5 black cards in the black pile. There are 5 red cards in the red pile. The assertion is true!
Raku
(formerly Perl 6)
<lang perl6># Generate a shuffled deck my @deck = shuffle; put 'Shuffled deck: ', @deck;
my (@discard, @red, @black);
- Deal cards following task description
deal(@deck, @discard, @red, @black);
put 'Discard pile: ', @discard; put '"Red" pile: ', @red; put '"Black" pile: ', @black;
- swap the same random number of random
- cards between the red and black piles
my $amount = ^(+@red min +@black) .roll; put 'Number of cards to swap: ', $amount; swap(@red, @black, $amount);
put 'Red pile after swaps: ', @red; put 'Black pile after swaps: ', @black;
say 'Number of Red cards in the Red pile: ', +@red.grep('R'); say 'Number of Black cards in the Black pile: ', +@black.grep('B');
sub shuffle { (flat 'R' xx 26, 'B' xx 26).pick: * }
sub deal (@deck, @d, @r, @b) {
while @deck.elems { my $top = @deck.shift; if $top eq 'R' { @r.push: @deck.shift; } else { @b.push: @deck.shift; } @d.push: $top; }
}
sub swap (@r, @b, $a) {
my @ri = ^@r .pick($a); my @bi = ^@b .pick($a); my @rs = @r[@ri]; my @bs = @b[@bi]; @r[@ri] = @bs; @b[@bi] = @rs;
}</lang>
- Sample output:
Shuffled deck: B B B R B R R R B B R R R B R B R B R R R B R B B R R B B R R B R B R R R R B R R B B B B B B R R B B B Discard pile: B B B R B R R R R R R R B R B R R R R B R B B B R B "Red" pile: R R B B B R B B B B B R R B B "Black" pile: B R R B R R R B B R B Number of cards to swap: 6 Red pile after swaps: R R B B R R R R B B B R B B B Black pile after swaps: B R B R R B B B B R B Number of Red cards in the Red pile: 7 Number of Black cards in the Black pile: 7
REXX
Programming notes: This REXX version uses a neat trick that the Python entry uses: instead of using a deck of
cards, it just uses a "deck" of numbers that correspond to the order of playing cards that came out of a new box of
cards. Odd numbers represent red cards, even numbers represent black cards.
This could've been possibly simplified by using negative and positive numbers, or more accurately, the suits and
a pip, but it would've taken more program logic to determine the color of the suits in a very succinct and efficient way.
Also, code was added to perform any number of trials. Code was also added to allow repeatability by specifying a
seed value for the random BIF.
A new deck of cards is always created as if the playing cards were manufactured and put into a box, that is,
13 spades (♠) in a row (A, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, J, Q, K), 13
hearts (♥), 13 clubs (♣), and 13 diamonds (♦).
(Various card playing manufacturers would arrange a new playing deck differently, but that isn't a concern.)
The number of cards in the deck and also the number of shuffles can be specified. One shuffle swaps two random
cards, two shuffles swaps four random cards ···
Extra coding was added to keep singularities (opposite of a plural) to keep the English gooder (sic), as well as
adding commas to larger numbers.
<lang rexx>/*REXX pgm mimics a boggling card trick; separates cards into 3 piles based on color ···*/
parse arg trials # shuffs seed . /*obtain optional arguments from the CL*/
if trials== | trials=="," then trials= 1000 /*Not specified? Then use the default.*/
if #== | #=="," then #= 52 /* " " " " " " */
if shuffs== | shuffs=="," then shuffs= #%4 /* " " " " " " */
if datatype(seed, 'W') then call random ,,seed /*if integer, use this as a RANDOM seed*/
ok=0 /*the number of "expected" good trials.*/
do trials /*perform a number of trials to be safe*/ call create /*odd numbers≡RED, even numbers≡BLACK.*/ call shuffle /*shuffle the deck a number of times. */ call deal /*put cards into three piles of cards. */ call swap /*swap rand # of cards in R & B piles*/ call count /*count #blacks in B, #reds in R piles*/ end /*trials*/ /*#: is the number of cards in the deck*/
pc= (100*ok/trials)'%' /*calculate the % asserted correctly.*/ say "Correctness of the mathematician's assertion:" pc ' (out of' commas(trials),
"trial"s(trials)') using a deck of ' commas(#) , " card"s(#)', and doing ' commas(shuffs) ' shuffle's(shuffs).
exit /*stick a fork in it, we're all done. */ /*──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/ ?: return random(1, word( arg(1) #, 1) ) /*gen a random number from 1 ──► arg. */ commas: parse arg _; do j=length(_)-3 to 1 by -3; _=insert(',', _, j); end; return _ create: @.=; k=0; do j=1 by 4 for #; k=k+1; @.k= j; if k//13==0 then j=j+1; end; return isRed: return arg(1) // 2 /*if arg(1) is odd, the card is RED.*/ s: if arg(1)==1 then return arg(3); return word( arg(2) 's', 1) /*pluralizer.*/ /*──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/ count: Rn=0; Bn=0; do j=1 for words(R); Rn=Rn+ isRed(word(R,j)) ; end
do k=1 for words(B); Bn=Bn+ (\isRed(word(B,k))); end if Rn==Bn then ok= ok+1; return /*Was it a good trial? Bump OK counter*/
/*──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/ deal: R=; B=; D=; do j=1 for #%2 by 2 /*deal all the cards. */
next= j+1; card= @.next /*obtain the next card. */ if isRed(@.j) then R=R card /*add to the RED pile?*/ else B=B card /* " " " BLACK " */ D= D @.j /* " " " discard " */ end /*j*/ return /*discard pile not used.*/
/*──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/ shuffle: do j=1 for shuffs; x=?(); do until y\==x | #==1; y=?(); end /*until*/
parse value @.x @.y with @.y @.x; end /*j*/; return
/*──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────*/ swap: $= min( words(R), words(B) ); Rc=; Bc= /*ensure we can swap $ cards.*/
if $==0 then return /*A pile has no cards? return*/ do ?($) /*$: is the number of swaps.*/ R?= ?( words(R) ) /*a random card in RED pile.*/ B?= ?( words(B) ) /*" " " " BLACK " */ /* "reds" to be swapped.*/ Rc= Rc word(R, R?); R= delword(R, R?, 1) /*del card*/ /*"blacks" " " " */ Bc= Bc word(B, B?); B= delword(B, B?, 1) /* " " */ end /*?($)*/ R=R Bc; B=B Rc; return /*add swapped cards to piles.*/</lang>
- output when using the default inputs:
Correctness of the mathematician's assertion: 100% (out of 10,000 trials) using a deck of 52 cards, and doing 13 shuffles.
Ruby
<lang ruby>deck = ([:black, :red] * 26 ).shuffle black_pile, red_pile, discard = [], [], []
until deck.empty? do
discard << deck.pop discard.last == :black ? black_pile << deck.pop : red_pile << deck.pop
end
x = rand( [black_pile.size, red_pile.size].min )
red_bunch = x.times.map{ red_pile.delete_at( rand( red_pile.size )) } black_bunch = x.times.map{ black_pile.delete_at( rand( black_pile.size )) }
black_pile += red_bunch red_pile += black_bunch
puts "The magician predicts there will be #{black_pile.count( :black )} red cards in the other pile. Drumroll... There were #{red_pile.count( :red )}!" </lang>
- Output:
The magician predicts there will be 5 red cards in the other pile. Drumroll... There were 5!
Rust
<lang rust>extern crate rand; // 0.5.5 use rand::Rng; use std::iter::repeat;
- [derive(Debug, Eq, PartialEq, Clone)]
enum Colour {
Black, Red,
} use Colour::*;
fn main() {
let mut rng = rand::thread_rng(); //Create our deck. let mut deck: Vec<_> = repeat(Black).take(26) .chain(repeat(Red).take(26)) .collect(); rng.shuffle(&mut deck); let mut black_stack = vec![]; let mut red_stack = vec![]; let mut discarded = vec![]; //Deal our cards. print!("Discarding:"); while let (Some(card), Some(next)) = (deck.pop(), deck.pop()) { print!(" {}", if card == Black { "B" } else { "R" }); match card { Red => red_stack.push(next), Black => black_stack.push(next), } discarded.push(card); } println!(); // Choose how many to swap. let max = red_stack.len().min(black_stack.len()); let num = rng.gen_range(1, max); println!("Exchanging {} cards", num); // Actually swap our cards. for _ in 0..num { let red = rng.choose_mut(&mut red_stack).unwrap(); let black = rng.choose_mut(&mut black_stack).unwrap(); std::mem::swap(red, black); } //Count how many are red and black. let num_black = black_stack.iter() .filter(|&c| c == &Black) .count(); let num_red = red_stack.iter() .filter(|&c| c == &Red) .count(); println!("Number of black cards in black stack: {}", num_black); println!("Number of red cards in red stack: {}", num_red);
}</lang>
- Output:
Discarding: R R B B R R B R R B B B B B R R R B B B R R R B R R Exchanging 5 cards Number of black cards in black stack: 4 Number of red cards in red stack: 4
Wren
<lang ecmascript>import "random" for Random import "/fmt" for Fmt
var R = 82 // ASCII 'R' var B = 66 // ASCII 'B'
// Create pack, half red, half black and shuffle it. var pack = [0] * 52 for (i in 0..25) {
pack[i] = R pack[26+i] = B
} var rand = Random.new() rand.shuffle(pack)
// Deal from pack into 3 stacks. var red = [] var black = [] var discard = [] var i = 0 while (i < 51) {
if (pack[i] == B) { black.add(pack[i+1]) } else { red.add(pack[i+1]) } discard.add(pack[i]) i = i + 2
} var lr = red.count var lb = black.count var ld = discard.count System.print("After dealing the cards the state of the stacks is:") Fmt.print(" Red : $2d cards -> $c", lr, red) Fmt.print(" Black : $2d cards -> $c", lb, black) Fmt.print(" Discard: $2d cards -> $c", ld, discard)
// Swap the same, random, number of cards between the red and black stacks. var min = (lr < lb) ? lr : lb var n = rand.int(1, min + 1) var rp = [0] * lr var bp = [0] * lb for (i in 0...lr) rp[i] = i for (i in 0...lb) bp[i] = i rand.shuffle(rp) rand.shuffle(bp) rp = rp[0...n] bp = bp[0...n] System.print("\n%(n) card(s) are to be swapped.\n") System.print("The respective zero-based indices of the cards(s) to be swapped are:") Fmt.print(" Red : $2d", rp) Fmt.print(" Black : $2d", bp) for (i in 0...n) {
var t = red[rp[i]] red[rp[i]] = black[bp[i]] black[bp[i]] = t
} System.print("\nAfter swapping, the state of the red and black stacks is:") Fmt.print(" Red : $c", red) Fmt.print(" Black : $c", black)
// Check that the number of black cards in the black stack equals // the number of red cards in the red stack. var rcount = red.count { |c| c == R } var bcount = black.count { |c| c == B } System.print("\nThe number of red cards in the red stack = %(rcount)") System.print("The number of black cards in the black stack = %(bcount)") if (rcount == bcount) {
System.print("So the asssertion is correct!")
} else {
System.print("So the asssertion is incorrect!")
}</lang>
- Output:
After dealing the cards the state of the stacks is: Red : 12 cards -> B R R B R R R R R R R B Black : 14 cards -> B R B B B R B B R R B B R B Discard: 26 cards -> R R R B B B B R B R R R R B R B B B R B B B B R R B 11 card(s) are to be swapped. The respective zero-based indices of the cards(s) to be swapped are: Red : 0 11 6 8 3 9 1 7 10 5 2 Black : 2 3 0 4 5 10 12 6 13 8 11 After swapping, the state of the red and black stacks is: Red : B R B R R R B B B B B B Black : R R B B R B R B R R R R R R The number of red cards in the red stack = 4 The number of black cards in the black stack = 4 So the asssertion is correct!
zkl
<lang zkl>cards:=[1..52].pump(List,"isEven","toInt").shuffle(); // red==1 stacks:=T(List(),List()); // black stack [0], red stack [1] blkStk,redStk := stacks; foreach card in (cards){ stacks[card].append(__cardWalker.next()) } println("Stacks:\n Black stack: ",redBlack(blkStk),"\n Red stack: ",redBlack(redStk));
numSwaps:=(1).random(1000); // do lots of swaps do(numSwaps){ blkStk.append(redStk.pop(0)); redStk.append(blkStk.pop(0)); } println("Post %d swaps:\n Black stack: %s\n Red stack: %s"
.fmt(numSwaps,redBlack(blkStk),redBlack(redStk)));
numBlack,numRed := blkStk.filter('==(0)).len(), redStk.sum(0); if(numBlack==numRed)
println("Agreed, black stack has same number of black cards\n " "as red stack has number of red cards: ",numRed);
else println("Boo, different stack lenghts");
fcn redBlack(cards){ cards.pump(String,fcn(c){ c and "R " or "B " }) }</lang>
- Output:
Stacks: Black stack: B B R R R R R R R R R B B B R B Red stack: B B R R B B R R R R Post 360 swaps: Black stack: R R R R B B R R R R R R R R R B Red stack: B B R B B B R R B B Agreed, black stack has same number of black cards as red stack has number of red cards: 3