Use another language to call a function: Difference between revisions
Add new section for Lisaac |
Added HaXe language |
||
Line 65:
Here am I
</pre>
=={{header|HaXe}}==
=== PHP ===
<pre>untyped __call__("functionName", args);</pre>
=={{header|Lisaac}}==
|
Revision as of 12:58, 25 October 2009
You are encouraged to solve this task according to the task description, using any language you may know.
This task is inverse to the task Call foreign language function. Consider the following C program: <lang C>
- include <stdio.h>
extern int Query (char * Data, size_t * Length);
int main (int argc, char * argv []) {
char Buffer [1024]; unsigned Size = sizeof (Buffer); if (0 == Query (Buffer, &Size)) { printf ("failed to call Query\n"); } else { char * Ptr = Buffer; while (Size-- > 0) putchar (*Ptr++); putchar ('\n'); }
} </lang> Write an implementation of Query in your language and make main calling it. The function Query takes the buffer a places the string Here am I into it. The buffer size in bytes is specified by the parameter Length. When there is no room in the buffer, Query shall return 0. Otherwise it overwrites the beginning of Buffer, sets the number of overwritten bytes into Length and returns 1.
Ada
The interface package Exported specification: <lang Ada> with Interfaces.C; use Interfaces.C; with Interfaces.C.Strings; use Interfaces.C.Strings;
package Exported is
function Query (Data : chars_ptr; Size : access size_t) return int; pragma Export (C, Query, "Query");
end Exported; </lang> The package implementation: <lang Ada> package body Exported is
function Query (Data : chars_ptr; Size : access size_t) return int is Result : char_array := "Here am I"; begin if Size.all < Result'Length then return 0; else Update (Data, 0, Result); Size.all := Result'Length; return 1; end if; end Query;
end Exported; </lang> With GNAT it can be built as follows: <lang sh> gcc -c main.c gnatmake -c exported.adb gnatbind -n exported.ali gnatlink exported.ali main.o -o main </lang> Sample output:
Here am I
HaXe
PHP
untyped __call__("functionName", args);
Lisaac
query.li <lang Lisaac> Section Header
+ name := QUERY; - external := `#define main _query_main`; - external := `#define query Query`;
Section External
- query(buffer : NATIVE_ARRAY[CHARACTER], size : NATIVE_ARRAY[INTEGER]) : INTEGER <- (
+ s : STRING_CONSTANT; + len, result : INTEGER; s := "Here am I"; len := s.count; (len > size.item(0)).if { result := 0; } else { 1.to len do { i : INTEGER; buffer.put (s @ i) to (i - 1); }; size.put len to 0; result := 1; }; result
);
Section Public
- main <- (
+ buffer : NATIVE_ARRAY[CHARACTER]; + size : NATIVE_ARRAY[INTEGER]; query(buffer, size); // need this to pull the query() method
); </lang> Makefile <lang make> TARGET=test_query
all: $(TARGET)
$(TARGET): main.o query.o gcc -o $@ main.o query.o
.c.o: gcc -c $<
query.c: query.li -lisaac $<
clean: rm -f $(TARGET) *.o query.c </lang>
OCaml
<lang C>#include <stdio.h>
- include <string.h>
- include <caml/mlvalues.h>
- include <caml/callback.h>
extern int Query (char * Data, size_t * Length) {
static value * closure_f = NULL; if (closure_f == NULL) { closure_f = caml_named_value("Query function cb"); } value ret = caml_callback(*closure_f, Val_unit); *Length = Int_val(Field(ret, 1)); strncpy(Data, String_val(Field(ret, 0)), *Length); return 1;
}
int main (int argc, char * argv []) {
char Buffer [1024]; unsigned Size = 0;
caml_main(argv); /* added from the original main */
if (0 == Query (Buffer, &Size)) { printf ("failed to call Query\n"); } else { char * Ptr = Buffer; printf("size: %d\n", Size); while (Size-- > 0) putchar (*Ptr++); putchar ('\n'); }
}</lang>
<lang ocaml>let caml_query () =
let s = "Here am I" in (s, String.length s)
let () =
Callback.register "Query function cb" caml_query;
- </lang>
<lang sh>ocamlopt -output-obj caml_part.ml -o caml_part_obj.o gcc -c main.c -I"`ocamlc -where`" gcc -o prog.opt main.o caml_part_obj.o \
-L"`ocamlc -where`" \ -lm -ldl -lasmrun</lang>
Tcl
The way you would tackle this problem depends on whether you are working with ‘In’ or ‘Out’ parameters. (It is normal model ‘inout’ parameters as Tcl variables; omitted for brevity.)
‘In’ Parameters
To connect a function to Tcl that passes an arbitrary C string as input, you'd use a short C thunk, like this: <lang c>int Query (char * Data, size_t * Length) {
Tcl_Obj *arguments[2]; int code;
arguments[0] = Tcl_NewStringObj("Query", -1); /* -1 for "use up to zero byte" */ arguments[1] = Tcl_NewStringObj(Data, Length); Tcl_IncrRefCount(arguments[0]); Tcl_IncrRefCount(arguments[1]); if (Tcl_EvalObjv(interp, 2, arguments, 0) != TCL_OK) { /* Was an error or other exception; report here... */ Tcl_DecrRefCount(arguments[0]); Tcl_DecrRefCount(arguments[1]); return 0; } Tcl_DecrRefCount(arguments[0]); Tcl_DecrRefCount(arguments[1]); if (Tcl_GetObjResult(NULL, Tcl_GetObjResult(interp), &code) != TCL_OK) { /* Not an integer result */ return 0; } return code;
}</lang>
Which would lead to a Query
implementation like this:
<lang tcl>proc Query data {
puts "Query was $data" return 1;
}</lang>
‘Out’ Parameters
However, in the specific case of writing to a user-specified buffer (an “out” parameter) the thunk code would instead manage copying the result from the interpreter back to the buffer: <lang c>int Query (char * Data, size_t * Length) {
const char *str; int len;
if (Tcl_Eval(interp, "Query") != TCL_OK) { return 0; } str = Tcl_GetStringFromObj(Tcl_GetObjResult(interp), &len); if (len+1 > Length) { return 0; } memcpy(Data, str, len+1); return 1;
}</lang>
And the implementation of Query
would be just:
<lang tcl>proc Query {} {
return "Here am I"
}</lang> (Since this is working with a literal, this would actually be efficient and just result in references being passed.)
Connecting up the pieces
You would also need a short piece of code in main()
to initialize the Tcl library and create an interpreter instance, and you would need to build and link against libtcl.
<lang c>#include <tcl.h>
Tcl_Interp *interp;
int main(int argc, char **argv) {
Tcl_FindExecutable(argv[0]); /* Initializes library */ interp = Tcl_CreateInterp(); /* Make an interpreter */
/* Rest of contents of main() from task header... */
}</lang>